Dam is an Arabic word that literally means blood. In Islamic terminology, dam refers to the shedding of blood by slaughtering livestock (camels, cows, or goats) within the sacred land (haram) to fulfill a requirement of the Hajj rituals. Every violation during Hajj is subject to a penalty according to the type of violation committed. The penalty is applied once a violation occurs.
Dam Isa’ah is a penalty imposed on a person who violates rules or makes a mistake by neglecting one of the obligatory acts (wājib) of Hajj or Umrah, such as:
a) Not entering into ihram (intention) from the miqat;
b) Not performing overnight stay (mabit) in Muzdalifah;
c) Not performing overnight stay (mabit) in Mina;
d) Not performing the stoning of the jamrah;
e) Not performing the farewell tawaf (ṭawāf wada’).
Anyone who violates one of these obligations is required to offer a dam by slaughtering a goat.